Carbon Cycle Model Linkage Project Data Guide

Acknowledge the University of New Hampshire, EOS-WEBSTER Earth Science Information Partner (ESIP) as the data distributor when using the data in subsequent models or publications.

The Carbon Cycle Model Linkage Project (CCMLP) collection contains data used to simulate global terrestrial carbon dynamics. The major components of the atmospheric carbon budget on the time scale of human lifetimes are fossil-fuel CO₂ emissions, exchanges of CO₂ between the ocean and the atmosphere, and exchanges of CO₂ between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere. Terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere exchanges also have a strong anthropogenic component: clearing of land for agriculture contributes significantly to CO₂ emissions, while abandonment of agriculture can contribute significantly to CO₂ uptake. Three simulations using four process-based terrestrial biosphere models (HRBM, IBIS, LPJ and TEM) were performed and evaluated over the time period 1950-1995. The evaluation of the performance of the models in the context of a more complete consideration of the factors influencing historical terrestrial carbon dynamics is important for reducing uncertainties in representing the role of terrestrial ecosystems in future projections of the earth system.

Temporal resolution: Precipitation, temperature, and model simulation data are monthly, date specific data for various years between 1859 - 1995. There are also monthly, long-term mean data for cloudiness, temperature and precipitation. Cropland data are annual values. The elevation data are reference data.

MODEL	DESCRIPTION	SOURCE
HRBM		Esser, G. H. et al., 1994
IBIS		Foley, J. A. et al., 1996
LPJ	LPJ abstract	Lund-Postdam-Jena
TEM	TEM abstract	Marine Biological Lab

Description of the different simulations used in running the models:

Simulation	Description	EOS-WEBSTER Dataset
S1	Annual variation in atmospheric CO₂ concentration.	S1-transient CO2
S2	Annual variation in atmospheric CO₂ concentration and climate (temperature and precipitation).	S2-transient CO2 & climate
S3	Annual variation in atmospheric CO₂ concentration and climate (temperature and precipitation), and cropland extent.	S3-trans. CO2, climate & crops

Dataset(s)	Variable	Description	Units	Source
S1-transient CO2 S2-transient CO2 & climate S3-trans. CO2, climate & crops	Net primary production (NPP)	Monthly net primary production, 1950 - 1995	gC/m2/month	CCMLP
S1-transient CO2 S2-transient CO2 & climate S3-trans. CO2, climate & crops	Heterotrophic respiration (RH)	Monthly heterotrophic respiration, 1950 - 1995	gC/m2/month	CCMLP
S3-trans. CO2, climate & crops	agriculture conversion CO2 flux	Annual release of CO2 associated with clearing land for agriculture. 1950-1995	gC/m2/year	CCMLP
S3-trans. CO2, climate & crops	product decay CO2 flux	Annual decay to the atmosphere of harvested agricultural (1 yr), paper (10 yrs), and lumber (100 yrs) products. 1950-1995	gC/m2/year	CCMLP
S1-transient CO2 S2-transient CO2 & climate S3-trans. CO2, climate & crops	fire disturbance CO2 flux	Release to the atmosphere of CO2 as a result of fire disturbance regime. 1950-1995	kgC/m2/year	CCMLP
CCMLP-Input	atmospheric CO2 concentration	Annual concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere from 1860 through 1996. There is one value per year.	ppm	CCMLP
CCMLP-Input	precipitation	Mean monthly precipitation, 1900 - 1995: Long-term mean monthly	mm/month	Modified from Jones [1994] and CLIMATE [1991, 1994]
CCMLP-Input	temperature	Mean monthly surface air temperature, 1900 - 1995: Long-term mean monthly	deg. C	Modified from Hulme [1992, 1994] and CLIMATE [1991, 1994]
CCMLP-Input	cloudiness	Long-term mean monthly percent cloud cover	percent	CLIMATE [1991, 1994]. Updates from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.
CCMLP-Input	Relative agricultural productivity (RAP)	Annual classification of grid-cell landcover as natural vegetation [0] or cropland [1], 1859 - 1995.	Class [0 or 1]	Derived from Esser [1995] and Ramankutty and Foley [1998, 1999].
CCMLP-Input	elevation	Mean grid-cell elevation	m	ETOPO5; Edwards M. O. (1989).

For a complete description of the results and the development of the data sets for the CCMLP Collection, see:

CLIMATE: Leemans, R., and W. Cramer, The IIASA database for mean monthly values of temperature, precipitation and cloudiness of a global terrestrial grid, International Institute for Applied Analysis (IIASA), RR-91-18, 1991. Revised by Cramer, W., 1994 [unpubl].

Edwards, M.O., 1989. Global gridded elevation and bathymetry on 5-minute geographic grid, (ETOPO5). NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Esser, G., J. Hoffstadt, F. Mack and U. Wittenberg, High-Resolution Biosphere Model (HRBM) - Documentation Model Version 3.00.00, 70 pp., Mitteilungen aus dem Inst. fur Pflanzenokolgie der Justus-Leibig-Univ. Giessen, Vol. 2, Giessen, Germany, 1994.

Esser, G., Contribution of monsoon Asia to the carbon budget of the biosphere, past and future, Vegetatio, 121:175-188, 1995.

Foley, J. A., I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, et al., An integrated briosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10; 603-628, 1996.

Hulme, M., A 1951-80 global land precipitation climatology for the evaluation of General Circulation Models, Climate Dynamics, 7, 57-72, 1992.

Hulme, M., Validation of large-scale precipitation fields in General Circulation Models, in Global Precipitation and Climate Change, edited by M. Desbois and F. Desalmand, pp. 387-406, NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.

Jones, P. D., Hemispheric surface air temperature variations: a reanalysis and an update to 1993. Journal of Climate, 7, 1794-1802, 1994.

Loveland, T. R., and A. S. Belward, The IGBP-DIS global 1km land cover data set, DISCover: First results, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18, 3289-3295, 1997.

McGuire, A. D., Sitch, S. et al., Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: Analyses of CO₂, climate and land-use effects with four process-based ecosystem models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15:183-206, 2001.

Melillo, J. M., I. C. Prentice, G. D. Farquhar, E.-D. Schultze, O. E. Sala, and contributors, Terrestrial biotic responses to environmental change and feedbacks to climate, in Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the 2^nd Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., pp. 445-481, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.

Ramankutty, N., and J. A. Foley, Characterizing patterns of global land use: An analysis of global croplands data, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 12, 667-685, 1998.

Ramankutty, N., and J. A. Foley, Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 997-1027, 1999.

The Max-Planck-Institut f�r Biogeochemie, Jena, Germany provided the data to EOS-WEBSTER on behalf of the entire CCMLP group: Prof. Dr. Martin Heimann, Principal Investigator.